Literature Review of Pain Management in Dementia.

LITERATURE REVIEW. Abstract Within the dementia care environment, it is my experience that it is often unclear to nursing staff as to appropriate assessment and management of pain for clients in the palliative stage of their illness. Although nurses have their experience to guide their practice, as the health professional most involved with the client at the end of life, there is a need for review of current assessment tools and management strategies to ensure the care given is evidence based and best practice. Aim The aim of this review is to examine what is the most appropriate method of pain assessment and management when working with clients with cognitive impairment. Methods Searches were made of several databases Cinahl Embase†¦show more content†¦As with all older adults, clients with dementia present with chronic conditions such as arthritis and acute pain experienced in the aging and the end of life process. Moss (2002) gives evidence that most elderly clients who move into long-term care will die in an institution either a nursing home or a hospital many of whom will have dementia. She states that 91% have a strong co morbid condition likely to cause pain. â€Å"The control of pain is the key to all other care†(Raiman 1998). This is especially true within old age psychiatry as if a client is in pain it may be impossible to recognise a pure diagnosis of agitation or depression and intervene accordingly when there is the possibility that these symptoms may be reactive due to inadequate pain relief. The key to therapeutic success is how well are the symptoms being relieved. Untreated pain in the client with dementia can delay healing, disturb sleep and daily activity, reduce qualit y of life and prolong hospitalisation (Horgas 2003). Appropriate assessment and management of pain should be paramount to nurses working in the elderly care sector. Search methods A search of the Cinahl, Medline, Embase, BNI, psycINFO databases were made using the following key words, pain assessment, pain management, elderly, dementia and palliative care. The reference lists of identified papers were also searched for relevant articles. The use of many databases was deemed necessary due toShow MoreRelatedPain Management As An Essential Part Of Nursing1583 Words   |  7 PagesPain management is an essential part of nursing, but it can be challenging when the patients can no longer express their needs. I became aware of this challenge throughout my experience in both clinical and work. During my first clinical rotation, I was assigned to a patient who had severe dementia and could no longer communicate. 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Recently there has been an emerging trend using hypnosis in a physiological manner; this review will look at how hypnosis is currently being used in the medical field. Looking at what exactly hypnosis is and its

Special Education Teachers Help Develop An Iep - 1223 Words

Special Education teachers help develop an IEP, or Individualized Education Program, for each student with disabilities (â€Å"Educating†). The IEP process is evaluation, determination of eligibility, and development (â€Å"Understanding). IEP’s take time to fill out because of the details. Special Education Teachers have to fill one out for each student they have. It is important that IEP’s are filled out properly in order to correctly track each child’s individual progress. Some IEP’s can be ten through twenty pages on average, sometime more. Paperwork and meetings are also a large part of the job for Special Education teachers. This includes lessons plans, report cards, progress reports, and other forms are filled out for each student (Ferry).†¦show more content†¦Not only are they covering the materials that are needed, but each student is learning in a way that is best for them. Special Education teachers will use various, but simple, techniques, such as more practice, explanation, repeating information, and devoting more time to work on skills to help their students learn. The teachers lead every student through the education process (â€Å"Educating†). Schools use many different strategies to help students receiving Special Education services in order to succeed in general education settings. Some of the strategies are assistive technology and modifications (â€Å"Understanding†). Assistive technology is any type of software, equipment, or system that can be used to improve the education of a special needs student. Modifications are lessons or sources that are changed to meet the level of needs for each student. Each student has different needs, ability levels, learning methods, and how they understand what they are being taught. Different instructions and individual teaching methods are needed for each student. This is another different, sometimes difficult, task Special Education teachers have to do compared to General Education teachers. It is harder in multiage classrooms (Ferry). Teacher may also have to use special software to create lesson plans and IEP’s. Technology is becoming a huge part in teaching special needs students. Soon, the education field will have more than the strategies they do now. Special

Hamlet free essay sample

The full name of the book is, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. 2. The author of the book is William Shakespeare. 3. The film was produced by The Royal Shakespeare Company. III. Plot The genre of Hamlet is tragedy. The inciting incident of the play is that the King Hamlet appeared as a ghost wearing armor and revealed that Claudius murdered him. Hamlet has conflicts himself about whether to avenge Claudius or not because he is not sure the King’s honesty. While Claudius and Polonius surveil Hamlet, Hamlet stabs Polonius, and he creates unavoidable strife with Claudius. Claudius manipulates Laertes into revenge, so Laertes challenges Hamlet a combat, and Hamlet accepts it. The ending IS a sad denouement because everyone succeeds in blood revenge, and they all die at the end of the scene. IV. Characters Hamlet is protagonist with a fatal flaw. He leads the whole story from the beginning to the end. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The point of view focuses on Hamlet, and Shakespeare primarily describes Hamlet’s conflicts inside of his mental. Hamlet struggles due to his father’s revenge and finally he revenges on antagonist. Hamlet is antagonist also because he constantly suffers himself due to his thoughts; thinking of his mother’s insane marriage, and his father’s death sparks him revenge. Thus, Hamlet is antagonist toward himself. Claudius is clear antagonist in Hamlet. He murdered the king, and re-married his sister-in-law. Claudius surveils Hamlet when Hamlet pretends to be crazy, and he sends Hamlet to England to kill him. Polonius, a faithful counselor of Claudius, is killed by Hamlet behind the tapestry while peeping at Gertrude and Hamlet. Horatio plays an interesting role in the play; he is the only one whom Hamlet trusts and relies on. Horatio stays consistent with Hamlet and gives him advice. At the end, Horatio cleans up everything and announce the story to the world. Gertrude, the queen and Hamlet’s mother who remarried Claudius, eventually dies drinking poison, which is originally targeted to Hamlet. Laertes is counterpart of Hamlet who mainly resolves the problem. He charges Hamlet to avenge of Polonius and Ophelia, so the bloody fencing match, which is the last scene in which every character dies, holds. Ophelia is Polonius’ daughter who loves Hamlet. She keeps unease behavior and being dragged by other character. She becomes mentally sick after Polonius’ death, and consequently commits suicide. V. Theme The lesson of the play is that a person will certainly be punished if commits sin or harm someone. VI. Spectacle of the Film Film helps readers to understand the original play easier. As an active device, visual elements such as light, expression, and clothing refer the atmosphere of scene and characters’ traits. For example, Gertrude always wears saturated-colored clothes. In Act1, Scene2, when people commemorate Claudius’ throne, Gertrude wears a dark-blue dress that seems somber and cold. The blue color of her dress represents that she is cold-blooded, so she could remarry her brother-in-law less than two month after the king died. Her red dress, in Act 3, Scene 2, shows her passion towards the authority. Like her clothing colors, her behavior is greedy and ambitious. For Ophelia, she always wears ambiguous and faint colored clothes; it shows that her character is unstable and easily swayed. As the film heading to the end, both Gertrude and Ophelia become disheveled. The queen’s hair becomes messy, and she does not wear organized make up. Likewise, Ophelia’s lips are pale and she has deep-dark circle under her eyes after Polonius’ death. Consequently, an appearance of actors emphasizes their emotional changes, so the audience catches the traits of characters. Lighting plays a role to switch the mood of the scene; in the dark, actors are usually in a bad mood. It also creates gloomy mood of the scene. For instance, the light is very dark when the dead King appears to tell the truth. The light shows daytime and nighttime by controlling the amount of light. And a spotlight brings concentration upon the actor who is playing. Background music generally appears when the tension is raised. For instance, when Hamlet approaches Claudius to kill him in Act 3, Scene 3, the serious sound heightens the situation. The film does not contain unnecessary sounds, so the lines of actors can be listened clearly. There is a little echo with their voice, and it creates an equivalent mood to watching a play in the theater. When Ophelia sings the song, it raises miserable feelings to an extreme state. Rather than merely reading her singing, watching her sadness and listening to her wailing stimulate audiences’ emotion, so they can empathize with the character. VII. Acting Ophelia, who loves Hamlet, seems a delicate and weak lady in the play. Her older brother Laertes and her father Polonius always nag her to be aware of Hamlet. She is obedient to them and never refutes aggressively; she seems static and passive in the book. In Act 1, Scene 3, Laertes advises Ophelia not to trust Hamlet before he leaves to France. Ophelia answers him to keep his advice. She said, â€Å"I shall the effect of this good lesson keep as watchman to my heart. But, good my brother, do not, as some ungracious pastors do, show me the steep and thorny way to heaven whiles, like a puffed and reckless libertine, himself the primrose path of dalliance treads and recks not his own rede†(43). This shows that Ophelia is placid and respectful. In the scene of film, she is more active and lively. She lashes out at Laertes; she takes his condoms out of his suitcase instead of saying that long line of dialogue from the original. Also, when Polonius dies, Ophelia shows reckless behavior when Claudius let Gertrude talk to her. VIII. Outstanding Moment The outstanding moment is when the queen drinks poisoned alcohol in the last scene. In the text of play, Gertrude simply denies when Claudius stops her from drinking. It seems that she merely proceeds to drink because she is over excited due to Hamlet’s predominance in the fencing match. She says, â€Å"I will, my lord. I pray you, pardon me† (326). According to that, it is difficult to judge that Gertrude intentionally drinks a cup to protect Hamlet because she notices there is poison in the cup. Readers can only guess and imagine through the lines in the book. However, in the film, she shows a grim face and hesitance at the moment when Claudius says, â€Å"Gertrude, do not drink† (326). Through her action and facial expression in the movie, I see that she intends to drink poison to save her Hamlet. This scene is impressive because Gertrude seems to commit suicide as apology for the dead kiang. IX. Summary In high school, students are compelled to read world literature and get to know Shakespeare. The very first impression of Shakespeare is frightening and complicating due to the fact that everyone has once heard about â€Å"classical† masterpiece is composed of old language, and classical literature typifies hardship of English class. However, high technological development gives a chance to understand these masterpieces better by putting it into visual devices, such as film. It has facial expressions, actions, some humorous satire, and stage settings that emphasize what is playing on the screen. Indeed, visual elements offer easier approach to comprehend ancient literature; preference of watching film rather than reading a book stems from easier understanding. As we can see, the film version of Hamlet provides collateral elements, and it makes some ambiguous scenes of original play clear. Also, feature of the actors becomes plain rather than the text. Hence, while the text of play inherits the original form, which keeps archaic language, the film offers new version that retails visual stimulation, so it delivers deeper understanding of characters. Hamlet free essay sample His uncle now King Claudiusmurdered King Hamlet, his father. Now Hamlet realizes that he cannot trust anyone not even his best friends. In Act 3 Scene 2 Hamlet is talking with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and he asks Guildenstern to play the recorder for him. He denies the request, but Hamlet keeps pushing and pushing him to play it. Hamlet is using the recorder as a metaphor for Guildenstern and Rosencrantz playing him for a fool. The only reasons that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are seeing Hamlet is because Claudius asked them too and are most likely getting paid. Hamlet asks, â€Å"Will you play / upon this pipe† (3. 2 358-59), a question he really intends to mean, â€Å"Go ahead and try to find out what is really on my mind. † When Guildenstern refuses to play the recorder Hamlet says, â€Å"It is as easy as lying† (3. 2 365). Not only have Rosencrantz and Guildenstern been constantly lying to Hamlet about their true motives for being there, but  they also have been lying about their friendship. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When Guildenstern repeatedly denies playing the recorder he breaks their friendship again and again. Hamlet then tells them that he is the recorder, revealing to them that he has figured them out. When one plays a recorder they put their fingers over the correct holes and blow and the music plays. Hamlet says that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern think they know exactly where to place their fingers to get the information of why Hamlet is going insane, but they underestimate Hamlet. Hamlet uses this play on words as a weapon to tell them he truly knows, and to tell them that they are no true friends of his. With each person double crossing him, Hamlet’s world is continuously filling with lies. Since Hamlet realizes Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are working for the King, he knows now that the King has ordered the people closest to him to figure out why Hamlet has gone mad. In Act 2 Scene 2 Hamlet calls Polonius a fishmonger. With one little word Hamlet describes the entirety of Polonius’s true self. A fishmonger is someone who is very suspicious and smelly. Hamlet does not like Polonius because he knows he is working closely with King Claudius, who is trying to get information out of him. Hamlet also knows that Polonius is doing this solely for the reason to be on the good side of King Claudius, and with this, we see that Polonius is a type of man who cares significantly about what people think about him. Hamlet knows that he told Ophelia to stop talking to him because he was going crazy, and Polonius did not want people to think his daughter was dating a mad man. Polonius also sent spies on his son Laertes to make sure he was not doing anything that would tarnish their family name. Polonius is desperate for recognition of his superiors, especially King Claudius, and Polonius feels his life needs to be picture perfect in order for that to happen. When Hamlet calls Polonius a fishmonger, it also means that Hamlet is calling him a procurer. Hamlet is suggesting the fact that Polonius has complete control over everything Ophelia does, and uses her, just like a pimp does with a prostitute. In 2. 1 when Polonius is talking to Ophelia he asks â€Å"What, have you given him any hard words of late,† then Ophelia replies â€Å"No, my good lord; but as you did command, / I did repel his letters and denied / his access to me† (2. 1 106-10). We can tell from this that Polonius has forced Ophelia to never speak to Hamlet again, and she obliges. Despite Polonius’ efforts to deceive him, Hamlet truly knows what kind of person Polonius is, and he knows that he will try and coax information out of him. Hamlet also knows that Polonius is too oblivious to understand what is truly being said. In Act 3 Scene 2, after Hamlet reveals Rosencrantz and Guildenstern true motives, he talks to Polonius. He points out clouds that look like a camel, then a weasel, and then a whale (3. 2 384-90). With this Hamlet is slyly letting on the plan he has to kill Claudius. A camel is pack animal that is used to carry heavy things on their back. Hamlet is referring to himself because he has all the anger to avenge his father. He has also just found out that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are not his true friends, that Ophelia will not see him anymore, and that his mother has married his uncle. Hamlet is carrying all of the emotions that have overcome him after all that has happened to him. The clouds then transition into a weaselimplying that Polonius is the weasel. As we were able to see before, Polonius only cares about him and becoming powerful, and is trying to weasel information out of Hamlet because the King asked him to. This is also what Rosencrantz and Guildenstern do to Hamlet. The weasel then becomes a whale. The whale is one of the biggest animals in the world, and Hamlet is eluding to the big task he has at hand the task to oust Claudius as the murderer of his father. People often tend to hunt whales, so he could also be referring to Claudius as the whale and he is hunting him down. Here, Hamlet is essentially telling Polonius his master plan. Polonius, however, just thinks Hamlet is still going crazy so he looks right passed it. This pun can also be seen as an outlet that Hamlet uses to tell someone what is going on. He is all alone and has no one to talk to, and with all of the craziness around him needs to get this off his chest. Hamlet knows that Polonius will not catch what he is saying, so Hamlet is able to express this and become a little saner to take on the task at hand. Whether or not Hamlet has ever been sane is a question that no one can ever really answer. What we do know, however, is that with all of the craziness surrounding his life he uses his speech in a crafty way. He uses puns, metaphors and double-entendres because they aren’t completely truejust like the people around him. His whole life is flooded with confusion, and his words are too. Throughout the play, Hamlet is believed to be going insane. He has formed two different personalities; the crazy one which everyone believes (including himself at times), and the one where he knows what he needs to do. He is split into two different people, with two different meanings. Hamlet has become a pun himself, filling two conflicting roles at the same time, never able to adequately fill either one. Hamlet free essay sample Summary I have succeeded in tricking the whole royal family into thinking I am mad. Aphelia, Polonium, Gertrude, Claudia, and all the rest of them believe that I am heart-broken and losing my mind. This should play right into my trap. Since I now know of the players that are in town, I can continue my plan that consists of disposing of Claudia. The royal family was a simple task. They believe that I have become mad because of the forbidden of Papilla to see me. I even expressed a will o die, rather then be left without her. All of this I am doing, because I see no other way. I must deceive the king, until I am ready to kill helm. l was having doubts of the ghost recently. At first, I figured It to be a legitimate specter. Showing up at a time very shortly after my great fathers death and wearing his shelling armor. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He seemed to speak of wisdom that only my dead king could portray. Now, I wonder If It true, I would never be able to live with myself, for that would be a horrible deed, one wrong.Yet, I cannot Just dismiss this apparition, so I will carry out my have decided, that with the help of the players and a little improvising on my part with the script they will read, to check on Claudia conscience. They shall perform a play in which the king is slain and shall watch my new king very closely, for if he so much as flinches I can be sure that the ghost has speak the truth. With that confirmation, I shall begin constructing my play to kill him. Hamlet free essay sample Literature Becton 13 April 2013 The Exploration of Hamlet through a Feminist Lens Throughout the Elizabethan era women were not acknowledge as humans. The ideal gender role of women was to work in the home: cooking, cleaning, and taking care of the children. Men were the only ones to work and have a career. The feminist theory analyzes the status of women in society. It deals with gender differences, gender inequality, gender oppression, and structural oppression.Analyzing Hamlet through a feminist lens critics focus on Ophelia one of the plays female characters, within the text Shakespeare conveys the treatment of women in Elizabethan society. In doing this, Ophelia is often utilized as an ultimate pawn by the men in her life; Laertes, Polonius, and Hamlet. As for a women’s social position they are define as being powerless. Ophelia’s brother Laertes is one of the characters that implements her for his desire and will because of her gender. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the tragedy Laertes converse win Ophelia exuding a tone of authority and power. He speaks to her as a higher power; he gives her orders not advice. She is not privilege to choose what she wants to do, instead she gets told what to do because in this era women were looked as puppets. Laertes finds out that Ophelia has been seeing prince Hamlet, he doesn’t not feel that Hamlet is good enough for Ophelia, he suggest her to stop seeing him. Considering that Laertes has a higher placement in society because of his gender she listens and agrees with him.Shakespeare Writes, For Hamlet and the trifling of his favor, Hold it a fashion and a toy in blood, A violet in the youth of primy nature, Forward, not permanent, sweet, not lasting, The perfume and suppliance of a minute. No more (I. iii. 5-10) fits your wisdom so far to It believe it As he in his particular act and place May give his saying deed, which is no further Than the main voice of Denmark goes withal. Then weigh what loss your honor may sustain If with too credent ear you list his songs, Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open To his unmastered importunity.Fear it, Ophelia. Fear it, my dear sister, And keep you in the rear of your affection, Out of the shot and danger of desire. The chariest maid is prodigal enough If she unmask her beauty to the moon. Virtue itself ’scapes not calumnious strokes. The canker galls the infants of the spring Too oft before their buttons be disclosed. And in the morn and liquid dew of youth, Contagious blastments are most imminent. Be wary, then. Best safety lies in fear. Youth to itself rebels, though none else near. (I. iii. 25-44) Farewell, Ophelia, and remember well What I have said to you, (I. iii. 84-85).Laertes is leaving to go to France but before he leaves he makes sure he talks to his sister about seeing Hamlet. He thinks that Ophelia is too innocent to be dating someone like Hamlet. Knowing that Ophelia will not put up a fight to defend herself or Hamlet because she is a woman, he demands her to stop seeing him. When Ophelia is left in Denmark, her father Polonius is killed by Hamlet. The traditions when a parent is killed the child would usually seek revenge for the parents death. Since Ophelia is a woman she has fewer opinions, she cannot act- all she can do is wait on Laertes to return and take his revenge. Since she cannot act she goes mad. The Saylor foundation writes, â€Å"A feminist theoretical reading of Hamlet might argue that Ophelia—who is driven to seeming madness throughout the play and, possibly, eventual suicide—is figured as being repressed, abused, ignored, and renounced by male characters throughout the play because of her gender,† (16). Ophelia is constantly used, and abused by the men in her life because of her gender. Not only is Ophelia utilized by her brother Laertes but also by her father Polonius. In the play Laertes asks the king to honor his request to go back to France.Before he leave Polonius has a talk to with Laertes giving him advice on what to do and what not to do while he is in France. When Laertes leaves Polonius has a talk with Ophelia about Hamlet, but she tone shifts from when he was talking to Laertes. When he speaks to Laertes he uses a tone of advice and consideration. When Polonius starts talking to Ophelia his tone is demanding, serious, and oppressive. The way Polonius conveys his message to Laertes is totally different to way he convey it to Ophelia and that’s because they are different sexes.Shakespeare writes, Marry, well be thought. Tis told me he hath very oft of late Given private time to you, and you yourself Have of your audience been most free and bounteous. If it be so as so ’tis put on me—And that in way of caution—I must tell you, You do not understand yourself so clearly As it behooves my daughter and your honor. What is between you? Give me up the truth. (I. iii. 90-98) Ay, springes to catch woodcocks. I do know, When the blood burns, how prodigal the soul Lends the tongue vows.These blazes, daughter, Giving more light than heat, extinct in both Even in their promise as it is a-making, You must not take for fire. From this time Be somewhat scanter of your maiden presence. Set your entreatments at a higher rate Than a command to parley. For Lord Hamlet, Believe so much in him that he is young, And with a larger tether may he walk Than may be given you. In few, Ophelia, Do not believe his vows, for they are brokers Not of that dye which their investments show, But mere implorators of unholy suits, Breathing like sanctified and pious bawds, The better to beguile.This is for all: I would not, in plain terms, from this time forth, Have you so slander any moment leisure, As to give words or talk with the Lord Hamlet. Look to ’t, I charge you. Come your ways. I shall obey, my lord, (I. iii. 115-136). Polonius demands Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet of gender roles in the Elizabethan era, he does not give her any other choice. Ophelia must obey her father because in the era women did not have another option. Women are looked at differently from men they do get the same respect a man does.In this passage, Polonius displays gender differences he examines how women location in, and experience of, social situations differ from men’s by not treating Ophelia and Laertes the same he shows his son more respect than his daughter. After Polonius demands Ophelia to stop seeing Hamlet, Hamlet goes mad. The king needs Polonius to find out what is going on with Hamlet. Polonius thinks he has the answer to Hamlet problem. He thinks that Hamlet is heartbroken over Ophelia. He uses Ophelia as a trap to figure the true reason for Hamlets madness.Even though he knows Ophelia he hurt because she loves hamlet he doesn’t care about her feelings, because she is just a women. In the tragedy by William Shakespeare, he writes â€Å"At such a time I’ll loose my daughter to him. Be you and I behind an arras then, Mark the encounter. If he love her not And be not from his reason falln thereon, Let me be no assistant for a state But keep a farm and carters,† (II. ii. 154-159). Polonius does not even think about asking his daughter if she mined doing this, he just automatically volunteers her.As a woman she does not have the right to have a say so in what is going on in her life, the men in life so far is making all the decision for her. Ophelia is completely powerless; her life in Hamlet is completely dependent on the men in her life. Similarly, Ophelia’s lover Hamlet also uses her as an ultimate pawn for his own selfish needs. Hamlet is so concentrated on seeking revenge for his father death he doesn’t pay attention to Ophelia needs. Gabrielle Dane writes, â€Å"Ophelia’s lover blithely disregards her psychological needs in favor of his own,† (2).Hamlet believes that all women are untrustworthy and disloyal because his mother married his uncle two months after his father was murder and he finds this very untrustworthy. By hamlet coming to this conclusion he sets aside all his feelings for Ophelia and becomes â€Å"violently abusive toward her†. Hamlet does not want to be with Ophelia but he does not want Ophelia to be with anyone else. He demands her to go to a convent where she will be a nun. â€Å"Ophelia behaves not autonomously at all but obediently† (Dane 2). Ophelia do not try to argue with Hamlet or defend herself because of structural oppression. Structural oppression posits that women oppression and inequality are a result of capitalism, and patriarchy. Shakespeare writes, You should not have believed me, for virtue cannot so inoculate our old stock but we shall relish of it. I loved you not. I was the more deceived Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners? I am myself indifferent honest, but yet I could accuse me of such things that it were better my mother had not borne me I am very proud, revengeful, ambitious, with more offences at my beck than I have thoughts to put them in, imagination to give them shape, or time to act them in.What should such fellows as I do crawling between earth and heaven? We are arrant knaves, all. Believe none of us. Go thy ways to a nunnery. (III. i. 118-131) I have heard of your paintings too, well enough. God has given you one face and you make yourselves another. You jig and amble, and you lisp, you nickname God’s creatures and make your wantonness your ignorance. Go to, I’ll no more on ’t. It hath made me mad. I say, we will have no more marriages. Those that are married already, all but one, shall live.The rest shall keep as they are. To a nunnery, go. (III. i. 143-150) Hamlet is overly demanding towards Ophelia, he does not treat her as a human being but he treats her as a puppet. Ophelia is used for Hamlet’s emotional, mental, and physically needs, but her feeling are never considered by anyone. Hamlet’s displays gender inequality toward Ophelia; it can be recognized that women are not only different but also unequal to men. In brief, looking at Hamlet through a feminist lens you will see how women are treated and portrayed in this text.Ophelia is used and abused by the men in her life: her father, brother, and lover. Her feelings are ignored and unconsidered. Both her brother and father has an hold on Ophelia because they feel she is innocent and is easily manipulated. They are both very protective of Ophelia which makes them come off as demanding and controlling. Their own perception of Ophelia makes them treat her as a helpless little girl. This shows how men in this time period thought of women, helpless and not having a mind of their own. It also can be a reflection on how Shakespeare thought of women.

India of My Dreams free essay sample

I dream of an India, where many scientists are engaged in doing significant researches, an India, which would be known for great scientific and technological advancements, an India where the likes of Tata’s and Birla’s would come up with new inventions, leaving the whole world amazed, great minds of the world guessing as to how the impossible was achieved An India, which is a leader not only in making new discoveries/inventions but also in spirituality, an India with an excellent net work of roads and bridges connecting even the remotest parts An India, where sustainable growth and development go hand in hand. Every person plants and cares for a minimum of 10 to 20 trees in his life time, where wild life is safe from poachers, where Man lives in harmony with Nature, where no one is afraid of speaking the truth and where there is no corruption. Women are respected and people from all religions co-exist and where every Indian is proud of being an Indian. We will write a custom essay sample on India of My Dreams or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Where people are not afraid of leaving their houses open and there is no crime in the country, everyone is satisfied. I dream of an India where market places, roads are spotlessly clean, where the highest standards of cleanliness and hygiene are maintained where garbage is not spilling on the roads and animals are not roaming around on the streets. I dream of an India, where farmers are respected as much as any other professional, where people are not superstitious, an India which is not only superior in science and technology but also in sports, where we are able to win maximum medals in Olympics and other international games, This is the India of my dream- this is the India in which I want to live-the India of which I am a proud citizen. This is my India, a great country dominating the international scene, a land of peace, prosperity and plenty. In the end, I dream of an India as described by Rabinder Nath Tagore in the following lines. â€Å"Where the Head is held high where the mind is without fear into that Heaven of freedom â€Å"O Lord† let my country awake†

The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students

The Civil Rights Movement Essay The momentum of the previous decades civil rights gains led by rev. Martin luther king, jr. carried over into the 1960s. but for most blacks, the tangible results were minimal. only a minuscule percentage of black children actually attended integrated schools, and in the south, jim crow practices barred blacks from jobs and public places. New groups and goals were formed, new tactics devised, to push forward for full equality. as often as not, white resistance resulted in violence. this violence spilled across tv screens nationwide. the average, neutral american, after seeing his/her tv screen, turned into a civil rights supporter. Black unity and white support continued to grow. in 1962, with the first large-scale public protest against racial discrimination, rev. Martin luther king, jr. Gave a dramatic and inspirational speech in washington, d.c. After a long march of thousands to the capital. the possibility of riot and bloodshed was always there, but the marchers took that chance so that they could accept the responsibilities of first class citizens. the negro, King said in this speech, lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity and finds himself an exile in his own land. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now King continued stolidly: it would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the negro. this sweltering summer of the negros legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. when King came to the end of his prepared text, he swept right on into an exhibition of impromptu oratory that was catching, dramatic, and inspirational. I have a dream, King cried out. the crowd began cheering, but king, never pausing, brought silence as he continued, i have a dream that one day on the red hills of georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at the table of I have a dream, he went on, relentlessly shouting down the thunderous swell of applause, that even the state of mississippi, a state sweltering with peoples injustices, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. i have dream, cried King for the last time, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. Everyone agreed the march was a success and they wanted action now! but, now! remained a long way off. president kennedy was never able to mobilize sufficient support to pass a civil rights bill with teeth over the opposition of segregationist southern members of congress. but after his assassination, president johnson, drawing on the kennedy legacy and on the press coverage of civil rights marches and protests, succeeded where However, by the summer of 1964, the black revolution had created its own crisis of disappointed expectations. rioting by urban blacks was to be a feature of every long, hot, summer of the mid-1960s. In 1965, King and other black leaders wanted to push beyond social integration, now guaranteed under the previous years civil rights law, to political rights, mainly southern blacks rights to register and vote. king picked a tough alabama town to tackle: selma, where only 1% of eligible black voters were registered to vote. the violence, the march, the excitement all contributed to the passage of the second landmark civil rights act of the decade. even though there was horrendous violence, rev. king announced that as a matter of conscience and in an attempt to arouse the deepest concern of the nation, he was compelled to lead another march from selma to montgomery, alabama. The four-day, 54-mile march started on the afternoon of sunday, march 21, 1965, with some 3500 marchers led by two nobel prizewinners, the rev. Martin luther king, jr. And ralph bunche, then u. .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 , .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .postImageUrl , .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 , .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:hover , .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:visited , .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:active { border:0!important; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:active , .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9 .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u020b912681670c8290a687ed5be024f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mary Flannery O’Connor Argumentative Essayn. Under secretary for special political affairs. in the march, whites, negroes, clergymen and beatniks, old and young, walked side by side. president johnson made sure they had plenty of protection this time with 1000 military police, 1900 federalized alabama national guardsmen, and platoons of u.s. Marshals and When the marchers reached the capital of alabama, they were to have presented a petition to then governor george wallace protesting voting discrimination. however, when they arrived, the governors aides came out and said, the capital is closed today. About this same time, the term, . The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students The Civil Rights Movement Essay The Civil Rights Movement Essay The civil rights movement was a period of time when blacks attempted to gain their constitutional rights of which they were being deprived. The movement has occurred from the 1950s to the present, with programs like Affirmative Action. Many were upset with the way the civil rights movement was being carried out in the 1960s. As a result, someone assassinated the leader of the movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many blacks were infuriated at this death so there were serious riots in almost 100 cities. President Johnson then appointed a committee called The Kerner Commission to study the civil rights movement. They concluded the following: We are moving toward two societies-one white and one black, separate and unequal. There is some truth to the Kerner Commission report, but on the whole the civil rights movement has been a success because blacks are better off now than they were before it began. The Kerner Commission report has some truth when it comes to blacks and politics, but overall the movement was a success because blacks have achieved more politically than before they began. Before the movement, blacks had almost no political power due to laws designed to prevent blacks from voting, like poll taxes, literacy tests and the Grandfather Clause. Also when some blacks went to vote, people simply wouldnt let them register. Due to lack of voting ability, no blacks were elected into office and therefore, blacks had no say in the government. Also, blacks were not allowed to serve on juries, yet they were almost always found guilty in court, even if the evidence was clearly against them. For example, years ago a boy in Georgia broke into a school to steal an ice cream. While he should have gotten a few hours of community service, he got three years in jail just because he was black. A truth to the Kerner Commission report that occurs today is that blacks are not being represented in Congress proportionally. While 12% of U.S. citizens are black, there is only one black in the Senate out of a hundred seats. This is a failure because blacks should be proportionally represented because it is their right to have a sufficient say in government. However, the civil rights movement was more of a success because blacks got the vote. The 24th amendment outlawed the Poll tax, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects the rights of all citizens to vote, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended literacy tests and let the Federal government register voters to make sure that they arent discriminated again. Because of this new political power they have obtained, blacks have the ability to elect other blacks to represent them. There are over four times as many blacks in office today, than before the movement. This helped the blacks because they could have a representative to speak for them. A few years ago, a black named David Dinkins was elected mayor of one of the largest cities in America, New York. In 1968, Chrisam became the first black woman in the House of Representatives and in 1984, a popular black leader, Jesse Jackson ran for president. All this is a success because one of their goals was to have political power and equal opportunity. A second reason why the civil rights movement was politically more of a success than a failure is due to the fact that blacks are better off in the courts than they were. Now, blacks are allowed to serve on juries, and they are hardly ever discriminated in court as opposed to when the boy was over-sentenced for stealing an ice cream. For example, O.J. Simpson, who was accused of killing his wife, received a fair trial and was let off not-guilty. In the 60s in the south, he would have been found guilty very quickly. .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 , .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .postImageUrl , .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 , .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:hover , .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:visited , .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:active { border:0!important; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:active , .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0 .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u452941ac3e6584a20c9e7a6b03228fc0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The conflict of Self EssayIn the economic sense, the Kerner report has some truth today, but overall the civil rights movement was a huge success in this area because blacks are much better off today than they were before the movement. Before the civil rights movement, almost every black was very poor and they werent able to get good jobs because of their skin color. There was no middle class for blacks, just a lower class. They didnt have equal opportunity. An economic failure of the movement is the amount of poor blacks that still exist. The children which are products of this particular type of segregation live in a poor neighborhood, . The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students The Civil Rights Movement Essay Throughout the 60s, racism changed dramatically in a various number of ways. Changes involved the passage of bills into laws as well as involving the overall attitude of the people. Racism was largely based on white peoples hatred towards blacks until the 1960s, when several major events increased problems both from whites towards blacks and from blacks towards whites. The biggest Social protest of the 1960s was The Civil Rights Movement Essay. It began on February 1, 1960, in Greensboro, North Carolina when four black students seated themselves at the whites only lunch counter and refused to leave until they were served. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now After the first sit-in, it began happening all over the country and by the end of the year, 70,000 blacks staged sit-ins. Throughout this, over 3,600 people were arrested. This movement was successful, but it demonstrated non-violent protests. After this movement began, several organizations developed. Such programs include; The NAACP, SNCC, SCLC, CORE, and the Black Panthers. The NAACP stands for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, while the SNCC stands for the Student Non Violent Coordinating Committee. The SCLC stands for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference who started a segregation protest traveling to Birmingham, Alabama who had the reputation of one of the most segregated cities in the United States. On May 2, 1963, over six hundred protesters were arrested, and the majority was teenage high schoolers. The next day, the police chief, Bull Conor, ordered his police officers to shoot the protestors with high-powered water hoses ordered their dogs to attack them. By the end of the march, only twenty people reached the City Hall. After the Birmingham demonstrations, the blacks gained support from the people from the North because they witnessed how violent the South was towards the black protestors. The CORE is for the Congress of Racial Equality and started the first series of Freedom Riders in May of 1961. They traveled on two interstate buses starting in Washington D.C. and traveling to New Orleans. The people who disagreed with this movement threw stones and burnt these traveling buses in order to show their dislikeness of the blacks. All of these programs promoted rights for African Americans. The Black Panthers was organized by the SNCC and became popular in the late 60s. It was founded in Oakland, California after they protested the bill that outlawed carrying loaded weapons in public. They marched to Sacramento armed with loaded weapons, wearing their distinctive black leather uniforms. This attracted many of the residence of Oakland to follow them. They believed that self-defense was a much wiser way of protest after many failed other protests. As you can see, racism changed dramatically throughout the 1960s. The protestors of the 60s changed the black society, which became better, and today some racism remains today but not nearly as much as back then. The Civil Rights Movement only had a positive influence on todays society. . The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students The Civil Rights Movement Essay The Civil Rights Movement Essay Civil rights are the rights to personal liberty and are provided by the law. The Constitution and the Bill of Rights promises everybody civil rights. But many people, including lots of black people, have been denied their civil rights. Black people, and also some white people who help them, have struggled for these rights for a long time. Many people have helped and many kinds of groups have been formed to help win equal rights for everyone. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Things are a lot better used to be, but the struggle is not over. Soon after the Declaration of Independence was signed there were groups that tried to end slavery. They were in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Rhode Island, Delaware, New Jersey, and Maryland, and Connecticut. It took a long time to win freedom for slaves. Lots of slaves were taken to freedom in the North on the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad is the name of the system that slaves traveled in secret from one place to another. They usually hid during the day and traveled at nighttime. Some slaves even fought to be free. Nat Turner was a preacher that led a slave revolt in Virginia in 1831. But they all ended up being executed.. President Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 freed slaves in the Confederate states. But it did not guarantee anyone an education, a job, or a place to live. The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution made slavery illegal. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments were passed later, and they were supposed to give blacks all their civil rights, especially the right to vote. The Reconstruction period was 1865 1877. During this time many black people had important government jobs. Louisiana, South Carolina, and Mississippi had black lieutenant governors, and Mississippis speaker of the house was black. The superintendent of public education in Florida was black. The South had 22 black representatives in Congress. White Southerners who hated blacks started the Ku Klux Klan in 1866. It was also called the KKK. They tried to stop black people from voting and having other civil rights. They would wear white sheets and masks with pointed hoods. They would beat up blacks and public officials. They would burn crosses by the houses of people they wanted to scare. The KKK was declared illegal in 1869. There is still a KKK even now that is against some races and nationalities, but its a secret organization now. Black people all over the country were still being denied their civil rights even though laws were passed to protect them. Congress passed an important civil rights act in 1875. This law guaranteed everyone the right to use public transportation and the right to attend theaters and other public places. But whites found ways to get around this law and the Supreme Court overturned it in 1883. After that, most southern blacks were denied the right to vote and other civil rights. Relations between whites and blacks got worse. From 1900 on there were lots of bloody race riots in South Carolina, Georgia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Texas. The Government didnt do very much to help black people protect their civil rights. Many black leaders decided that they were the only ones who could solve their own problems. One of their best leaders was W.E. B. Du Bois. Another black leader was Booker T. Washington. He thought that if blacks were patient they would win their rights. Du Bois disagreed and argued because he thought blacks should demand their rights immediately. There was a big meeting of black leaders in Niagra Falls in 1905. The riots had scared many white and black leaders. During about the same time another organization called the Urban League was started. .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 , .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .postImageUrl , .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 , .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:hover , .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:visited , .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:active { border:0!important; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:active , .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327 .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud345da912a4ca589981b426ac8274327:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cheating Essay And a man named Marcus Garvey started the Universal Negro Improvement Association at about the same time. He stressed black pride, and made up the slogan Black is beautiful, and said blacks should return to Africa and build new lives. Thousands of blacks came to northern cities looking for jobs during World War I and lots of blacks joined the U. S. armed forces to fight in the war. They tried to improve their conditions when they came back from . The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students The Civil Rights Movement Essay The Civil Rights Movement Essay was a period of time when blacks attempted to gain their constitutional rights of which they were being deprived. The movement has occurred from the 1950s to the present, with programs like Affirmative Action. Many were upset with the way the civil rights movement was being carried out in the 1960s. As a result, someone assassinated the leader of the movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Many blacks were infuriated at this death so there were serious riots in almost 100 cities. President Johnson then appointed a committee called The Kerner Commission to study the civil rights movement. They concluded the following: We are moving toward two societies-one white and one black, separate and unequal. There is some truth to the Kerner Commission report, but on the whole the civil rights movement has been a success because blacks are better off now than they were before it began. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Kerner Commission report has some truth when it comes to blacks and politics, but overall the movement was a success because blacks have achieved more politically than before they began. Before the movement, blacks had almost no political power due to laws designed to prevent blacks from voting, like poll taxes, literacy tests and the Grandfather Clause. Also when some blacks went to vote, people simply wouldnt let them register. Due to lack of voting ability, no blacks were elected into office and therefore, blacks had no say in the government. Also, blacks were not allowed to serve on juries, yet they were almost always found guilty in court, even if the evidence was clearly against them. For example, years ago a boy in Georgia broke into a school to steal an ice cream. While he should have gotten a few hours of community service, he got three years in jail just because he was black. A truth to the Kerner Commission report that occurs today is that blacks are not being represented in Congress proportionally. While 12% of U.S. citizens are black, there is only one black in the Senate out of a hundred seats. This is a failure because blacks should be proportionally represented because it is their right to have a sufficient say in government. However, the civil rights movement was more of a success because blacks got the vote. The 24th amendment outlawed the Poll tax, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects the rights of all citizens to vote, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended literacy tests and let the Federal government register voters to make sure that they arent discriminated again. Because of this new political power they have obtained, blacks have the ability to elect other blacks to represent them. There are over four times as many blacks in office today, than before the movement. This helped the blacks because they could have a representative to speak for them. A few years ago, a black named David Dinkins was elected mayor of one of the largest cities in America, New York. In 1968, Chrisam became the first black woman in the House of Representatives and in 1984, a popular black leader, Jesse Jackson ran for president. All this is a success because one of their goals was to have political power and equal opportunity. A second reason why the civil rights movement was politically more of a success than a failure is due to the fact that blacks are better off in the courts than they were. Now, blacks are allowed to serve on juries, and they are hardly ever discriminated in court as opposed to when the boy was over-sentenced for stealing an ice cream. For example, O.J. Simpson, who was accused of killing his wife, received a fair trial and was let off not-guilty. In the 60s in the south, he would have been found guilty very quickly. .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 , .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .postImageUrl , .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 , .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:hover , .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:visited , .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:active { border:0!important; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:active , .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687 .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9c4dbc12ea6f0f97905b6209958c9687:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Vegetarianism - To Meat Or Not To Meat EssayIn the economic sense, the Kerner report has some truth today, but overall the civil rights movement was a huge success in this area because blacks are much better off today than they were before the movement. Before the civil rights movement, almost every black was very poor and they werent able to get good jobs because of their skin color. There was no middle class for blacks, just a lower class. They didnt have equal opportunity. An economic failure of the movement is the amount of poor blacks that still exist. The children which are products of this particular type of segregation live in a poor neighborhood, go to a poor . The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students The Civil Rights Movement Essay The Civil Rights Movement Essay in the United States was a political, legal, and social struggle by black Americans to gain full citizenship rights and to achieve racial equality. The Civil Rights movement was first and foremost a challenge to segregation. During the Civil Rights Movement, individuals and organizations challenged segregation and discrimination with a variety of activities, including protest marches, boycotts, and refusal to abide by segregation laws. Many believed that the movement began with the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and ended with the Voting Rights act of 1965. However, there has been debate about when it began and whether it has ended yet. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Civil Rights Movement has also been called the Black Freedom Movement, the Negro Revolution, and the Second Reconstruction. There were three main tenets to the Civil Rights Movement, the Post Civil War Period, the Educational Period, and the Social Movement. Following the Civil War, the 13th 14th and 15th amendments to the U.S. Constitution were passed. The 13th amendment made all blacks citizens of the United States. The 14th amendment granted them equal protection under the law. The 15th amendment gave black citizens the right to vote. After the outlawing of slavery, a new form of slavery developed in the South called sharecropping. This Debt Peonage tied the sharecropper to the land. By this system a black family farmed the land owned by whites. The blacks were allowed to keep about 10-15% of the profit and the rest went to the landowner. The blacks were kept in debt through their purchases at a General Store owned by the landowner. The blacks purchased things on credit, which kept them in debt. The story To Praise Our Bridges, by Fanny Lou Hamer, depicts the life of sharecroppers. It explains how the sharecroppers were kept in debt, and how they were sabotaged if they started to come out of debt. Black Codes or Jim Crow laws, were put in place to limit the movement of blacks rights and to enforce segregation. Many of these laws were put in place specifically to hinder black voting. This was done because the blacks outnumbered whites in the South and they feared that given the chance, the blacks would attempt to take control. These laws included such things as the Grandfather Clause. This stated that if your grandfather was able to vote in 1864 than you could vote. This was very effective because at that time no blacks would have been allowed to vote. Also Poll taxes were passed. These were taxes for the right to vote and had to be paid in the February prior to voting. The rationale was that the people would either not be able to afford the tax or they would lose their proof of payment by November. Also literacy tests were required in many areas before one could vote. This was effective because prior to 1864 it was illegal to teach black slaves to read and write. To Praise Our Bridges reveals how effective the White Power Structure of the South was at keeping blacks from voting. It was not until 1962 that the author even learned that she could vote. Most of these practices came to an end with the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In 1896 came the landmark case of Plessy v. Ferguson. The Supreme Court, in this case, upheld the legality of racial segregation. At the time of the ruling, segregation between blacks and whites already existed in most schools, restaurants, and other public facilities in the American South. In the Plessy decision, the Supreme Court ruled that such segregation did not violate the 14th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States. This coined the phrase Separate but equal and set the way of life for almost the next sixty years. .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc , .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .postImageUrl , .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc , .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:hover , .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:visited , .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:active { border:0!important; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:active , .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue8fea2ce6cf2d43c1dfb56feb51802fc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lady in a rocking chair Essay The second phase of Civil Rights Reform came about through the educational system. The public schools were funded by property taxes. Since few blacks actually owned property, and that which was owned by blacks was of little value, the schools in black neighborhoods were always of lower quality than those in white neighborhoods. The banking industry hindered advancement. The industry engaged in what was called redlining. Where they would . The Civil Rights Movement Essay Example For Students The Civil Rights Movement Essay The Civil Rights Movement Essay The civil rights movement was a period of time when blacks attempted to gain their constitutional rights of which they were being deprived. The movement has occurred from the 1950s to the present, with programs like Affirmative Action. Many were upset with the way the civil rights movement was being carried out in the 1960s. As a result, someone assassinated the leader of the movement, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. We will write a custom essay on The Civil Rights Movement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Many blacks were infuriated at this death so there were serious riots in almost 100 cities. President Johnson then appointed a committee called The Kerner Commission to study the civil rights movement. They concluded the following: We are moving toward two societies-one white and one black, separate and unequal. There is some truth to the Kerner Commission report, but on the whole the civil rights movement has been a success because blacks are better off now than they were before it began. The Kerner Commission report has some truth when it comes to blacks and politics, but overall the movement was a success because blacks have achieved more politically than before they began. Before the movement, blacks had almost no political power due to laws designed to prevent blacks from voting, like poll taxes, literacy tests and the Grandfather Clause. Also when some blacks went to vote, people simply wouldnt let them register. Due to lack of voting ability, no blacks were elected into office and therefore, blacks had no say in the government. Also, blacks were not allowed to serve on juries, yet they were almost always found guilty in court, even if the evidence was clearly against them. For example, years ago a boy in Georgia broke into a school to steal an ice cream. While he should have gotten a few hours of community service, he got three years in jail just because he was black. A truth to the Kerner Commission report that occurs today is that blacks are not being represented in Congress proportionally. While 12% of U.S. citizens are black, there is only one black in the Senate out of a hundred seats. This is a failure because blacks should be proportionally represented because it is their right to have a sufficient say in government. However, the civil rights movement was more of a success because blacks got the vote. The 24th amendment outlawed the Poll tax, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects the rights of all citizens to vote, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 ended literacy tests and let the Federal government register voters to make sure that they arent discriminated again. Because of this new political power they have obtained, blacks have the ability to elect other blacks to represent them. There are over four times as many blacks in office today, than before the movement. This helped the blacks because they could have a representative to speak for them. A few years ago, a black named David Dinkins was elected mayor of one of the largest cities in America, New York. In 1968, Chrisam became the first black woman in the House of Representatives and in 1984, a popular black leader, Jesse Jackson ran for president. All this is a success because one of their goals was to have political power and equal opportunity. A second reason why the civil rights movement was politically more of a success than a failure is due to the fact that blacks are better off in the courts than they were. Now, blacks are allowed to serve on juries, and they are hardly ever discriminated in court as opposed to when the boy was over-sentenced for stealing an ice cream. For example, O.J. Simpson, who was accused of killing his wife, received a fair trial and was let off not-guilty. In the 60s in the south, he would have been found guilty very quickly. .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a , .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .postImageUrl , .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a , .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:hover , .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:visited , .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:active { border:0!important; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:active , .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub60413d07fc39bcfb6b8518d3357f09a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causal Argument-Binge Drinking EssayIn the economic sense, the Kerner report has some truth today, but overall the civil rights movement was a huge success in this area because blacks are much better off today than they were before the movement. Before the civil rights movement, almost every black was very poor and they werent able to get good jobs because of their skin color. There was no middle class for blacks, just a lower class. They didnt have equal opportunity. An economic failure of the movement is the amount of poor blacks that still exist. The children which are products of this particular type of segregation live in a poor neighborhood, .

Mary Church Terrell - Womens Civil Rights Activist

Mary Church Terrell - Women's Civil Rights Activist Born Mary Eliza Church, Mary Church Terrell (September 23, 1863 – July 24, 1954) was a key pioneer in the intersectional movements for civil rights and suffrage. As both an educator and activist, she was an important figure in the advancement of the civil rights cause. Early Life Mary Church Terrell was born in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1863 - the same year that President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. Both of her parents were former slaves who became successful in business: her mother, Louisa, owned a successful hair salon, and her father, Robert, became one of the first African-American millionaires in the South. The family lived in a mostly-white neighborhood, and the young Mary was protected in her early years from most experience of racism, even though, when she was three, her father was shot during the Memphis race riots of 1866. It was not until she was five, hearing stories from her grandmother about slavery, that she began to be conscious of African American history. Her parents divorced in 1869 or 1870, and her mother first had custody of both Mary and her brother. In 1873, the family sent her north to Yellow Springs and then Oberlin for school. Terrell split her summers between visiting her father in Memphis and her mother where she had moved, New York City. Terrell graduated from Oberlin College, Ohio, one of the few integrated colleges in the country, in 1884, where she had taken the gentlemans course rather than the easier, shorter womens program. Two of her fellow students, Anna Julia Cooper and Ida Gibbs Hunt, would become her lifelong friends, colleagues, and allies in the movement for racial and gender equality. Mary moved back to Memphis to live with her father. He had become wealthy, in part by buying up properties cheaply when people fled the yellow fever epidemic in 1878-1879. Her father opposed her working; however, when he remarried, Mary accepted a teaching position in Xenia, Ohio, and then another in Washington, DC. After completing her masters degree at Oberlin while living in Washington, she spent two years traveling in Europe with her father. In 1890, she returned to teach at a high school for black students in Washington, D.C. Family and Early Activism In Washington, Mary renewed her friendship with her supervisor at the school, Robert Heberton Terrell. They married in 1891. As was expected at the time, Mary left her employment upon marriage. Robert Terrell was admitted to the bar in 1883 in Washington and, from 1911 to 1925, taught law at Howard University. He served as a judge of the District of Columbia Municipal Court from 1902 to 1925. The first three children Mary bore died shortly after birth. Her daughter, Phyllis, was born in 1898, and the couple adopted their daughter Mary a few years later. In the meantime, Mary had become very active in social reform and volunteer work, including working with black womens organizations and for womens suffrage in the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Susan B. Anthony became a friend of hers. Mary also worked for kindergartens and child care, especially for children of working mothers. Mary entered activism more fiercely after the 1892 lynching of her friend Thomas Moss, a black business owner who was attacked by white businessmen for competing with their businesses. Her theory of activism was based on the idea of uplift, or the idea that discrimination could be tackled by social advancement and education, with the belief that the advancement of one member of the community could advance the whole community. Excluded from full participation in planning with other women for activities at the 1893 Worlds Fair, Mary instead threw her efforts into building up black womens organizations that would work to end both gender and racial discrimination. She helped engineer the merger of black womens clubs to form the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) in 1896. She was its first president, serving in that capacity until 1901, when she was appointed honorary president for life. Founder and Icon During the 1890s, Mary Church Terrells increasing skill in and recognition for public speaking led her to take up lecturing as a profession. She became a friend of and worked with W.E.B. DuBois, and he invited her to become one of the charter members when the NAACP was founded. Mary Church Terrell also served on the Washington, DC, school board, from 1895 to 1901 and again from 1906 to 1911, the first African American woman to serve on that body. Her success in that post was rooted in her earlier activism with the NACW and its partner organizations, which worked on education initiatives focused on black women and children, from nurseries to adult women in the workforce. In 1910, she helped found the College Alumni Club or College Alumnae Club. In the 1920s, Mary Church Terrell worked with the Republican National Committee on behalf of women and African Americans. She voted Republican until 1952, when she voted for Adlai Stevenson for president. Though Mary was able to vote, many other black men and women were not, due to laws in the South that essentially disenfranchised black voters. Widowed when her husband died in 1925, Mary Church Terrell continued her lecturing, volunteer work, and activism, briefly considering a second marriage. Activist Until The End Even as she entered retirement age, Mary continued her work for womens rights and race relations. In 1940, she published her autobiography, A Colored Woman in a White World, which described her personal experiences with discrimination. In her last years, she picketed and worked in the campaign to end segregation in Washington, D.C., where she joined the fight against restaurant segregation despite already being in her mid-eighties. Mary lived to see this fight won in their favor: in 1953, the courts ruled that segregated eating places were unconstitutional. Mary Church Terrell died in 1954, just two months after the Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education, a fitting bookend to her life which began just after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation and which focused on education as a key means of advancing the civil rights she spent her life fighting for. Mary Church Terrell Fast Facts Born: September 23, 1863 in Memphis, TennesseeDied: July 24, 1954 in Annapolis, MarylandSpouse: Robert Heberton Terrell (m. 1891-1925)Children: Phyllis (only surviving biological child) and Mary (adopted daughter)Key Accomplishments: An early civil rights leader and womens rights advocate, she was one of the first African-American women to earn a college degree. She went on to be a founder of National Association of Colored Women and a charter member of the NAACPOccupation: educator, activist, professional lecturer Sources Church, Mary Terrell. A Colored Woman in a White World. Washington, DC: Ransdell, Inc. Publishers, 1940.Jones, B. W. Mary Church Terrell and the National Association of Colored Women: 1986-1901,  The Journal of Negro History, vol. 67 (1982),  20–33.Michals, Debra. Mary Church Terrell. National Womens History Museum, 2017, https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-church-terrell

Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security Research Paper

Internet Technology, Marketing, and Security - Research Paper Example In addition, in the past three years the threat of security and privacy attacks has grown significantly. Additionally, the extent and complexity of online security and privacy attacks continue increasing. As a matter of fact, daily amount of online security breaches and attacks increased up to 93 percent from 2009 to 2010. In this scenario, a number of worldwide researches discovered that online security threats are hitting corporate bottom lines because of the overall increase in the cost of data breaches. Above all, many research reports discovered that hacking results in a standard of 262,767 identities uncovered for each data breach event (Schwartz, 2011; Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005). This report addresses the information security related concerns for H4 Corporation. Part 1 Corporate Website For the purpose of analyzing the biggest security and privacy attacks on any web based business, I have chosen the scenario of Betfair business. This report discusses how web ba sed privacy exposure at Betfair affected poker players. This report presents a detailed analysis of such security attacks and breaches at the business website that eventfully led toward the overall business degradation and caused other issues. Security breach Overview In 2010, web based security and privacy attacks against business, governmental, social network websites and users have grown to a greater extent. However, among these security and privacy attacks the most common attack was directing users to a website that can attack the website’s hosts through the malicious code; as a result, such attackers could be able to perform a drive-by download that makes use of some dangerous vulnerability on the clients’ systems and computer to infect it. However, in spite of the cleverness of the crime-ware toolkits employed to infect web based systems, as well as launch similar security and privacy attacks, a lot of social network based security breaches and attacks were compa ratively simple. Moreover, according to Symantec reports, "two-thirds of malicious security attacks based links are found in news feeds using shortened URL just forwarding clients to a malicious business or corporate website† (Schwartz, 2011; Condon, 2010; Whitman & Mattord, 2011). Product Information Betfair has turned into the world’s major betting community. Surrounded by a commitment to innovation and value, in just 10 years Betfair has modernized the traditional betting business. In addition, Betfair is a pioneer of betting business, where clients get together in order to bet at odds required by them or presented by other clients, thus, getting rid of the need for a customary bookmaker. Additionally, Betfair presents a variety of other sports betting services and products, as well as casino games and poker (Betfair1, 2011; Betfair2, 2011). Moreover, Betfair possesses LMAX that has established a business arrangement for online retail economic trading that has develo p from Betfair’s exchange optional technology. LMAX was initially